Over the years, the treatment of inorganic waste gases like HCl and H2S has commonly been addressed using liquid spray absorption techniques. Recently, with economic growth, the rise in chemical enterprises has led to an increase in industrial organic waste gas emissions. This has significantly impacted atmospheric quality, posing serious risks to human health and causing substantial economic losses. Thus, there’s a pressing need to enhance the management of organic waste gases. Researchers have extensively studied various organic waste gas control technologies. Some of the widely applied methods include thermal destruction, condensation, and absorption, while newer approaches like biofilm, corona discharge, and plasma decomposition have also gained traction.
1. **Thermal Combustion Method**: This technique involves mixing organic waste gas with fuel at high temperatures to ensure complete combustion. It works best for combustible gases with high concentrations and low volumes, offering high purification efficiency. However, this method comes with challenges such as equipment corrosion, high operational costs, and potential secondary pollution.
2. **Catalytic Combustion Method**: This approach uses a catalyst to facilitate the rapid oxidation of hydrocarbons in organic waste gas into water and carbon dioxide under low-temperature conditions. While it achieves effective treatment, catalysts can be prone to poisoning and carry significant upfront costs.
3. **Absorption Method**: By exploiting the solubility of organic waste gas in water, this method directly contacts the gas with water, dissolving it to remove pollutants. It’s ideal for water-soluble, organized emissions, with a simple process and low operating expenses. Yet, it generates secondary pollution, requiring treatment of the washout solution, and has relatively lower purification efficiency.
4. **Adsorption Method**: Organic waste gas is captured by adsorbents, making it suitable for handling low-concentration gases. It boasts high purification efficiency and low costs but faces challenges with regeneration and continuous replacement of adsorbents.
5. **Biological Method**: Microorganisms’ metabolic processes are utilized to break down gaseous pollutants in waste gas into less harmful or harmless substances. With diverse microorganisms capable of converting most inorganic and organic pollutants, biological treatment is efficient, energy-saving, and safe, without generating secondary pollution. However, it lacks the ability to recycle pollutants.
6. **Low-Temperature Plasma Technology**: Through dielectric barrier discharge, highly reactive particles such as electrons, ions, and free radicals are produced within the plasma. These active groups react with pollutants in the exhaust gas, converting them into substances like CO2 and H2O, thus purifying the exhaust. This technology is versatile, efficient, and particularly suited for complex, multi-component odorous gases. It operates at low costs, responds quickly, and can be easily started or stopped. Nonetheless, it requires significant initial investment and poses safety concerns.
7. **Photo-Oxidation Catalytic Combustion**: This innovative method employs specific ultraviolet bands (C-band) to fragment waste gas molecules and undergo redox reactions under special catalytic oxidants. Exhaust gas molecules are first broken down via high-energy UV light waves, severing their molecular bonds. Airborne oxygen and water are then decomposed to produce high concentrations of ozone, which enhances oxidation efficiency. A series of composite inert catalysts are strategically placed to accelerate treatment speed and efficiency, ensuring thorough exhaust gas purification. So far, no drawbacks have been identified.
As industries continue to evolve, the development of sustainable waste gas management solutions remains crucial. Each method has its strengths and limitations, necessitating careful consideration based on specific industrial needs and environmental goals.
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