Grid structures are highly complex, statically indeterminate systems often used in engineering designs. When analyzing plate-type grids, engineers typically assume the joints are pinned connections. This simplifies the application of external loads based on the static equivalence principle, allowing the use of the space truss displacement method or the hinged rod finite element approach for calculations. Additionally, simplified techniques like the crossed-beam differential analysis or the pseudoplate method can be employed to determine internal forces and displacements. For single-layer shell-type grids, the nodes are usually considered to be simply connected. In this case, calculations should follow the finite element method for simple rod systems. On the other hand, double-layer shell-type grids can be analyzed using the finite element method designed for hinged rod systems. Both single-layer and double-layer grids may also benefit from the pseudoshell method for simplification purposes. It's important to note that while these methods offer practical solutions, they require careful consideration of the specific conditions of each project. Factors such as material properties, loading scenarios, and environmental conditions play crucial roles in determining the final design and analysis outcomes."
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