Red jade, also known as "hong yu," gets its striking color from the secondary oxidation process that occurs near the surface or along fractures in the jadeite. This red hue is primarily caused by the infiltration of iron minerals during weathering. It is mainly found in the old fields of Myanmar and the "Damakan" region, where the geological conditions favor such color formation.
Red jade can be categorized into three main types based on the depth and intensity of the color:
1. Bright Red: Often referred to as "Chicken Blood Red," this is considered the highest quality of red jade. It features a vibrant, intense red color that is highly desirable among collectors.
2. Dark Red: This type tends to appear closer to the outer edges of the original stone. The color is more subdued and may have a slightly muddier appearance compared to the bright red variety.
3. Brown-Red: This form of red jade develops on the outermost parts of the stone due to prolonged weathering and leaching. It often has a warmer, earthier tone and is less valued than the brighter varieties.
The red color in jadeite can also be achieved through heat treatment. This process involves heating the jadeite to transform it from a grayish-yellow or brownish-yellow color into a rich red. While this method is commonly used, it's important to distinguish between naturally colored red jade and heat-treated specimens.
When identifying natural red jade versus treated or artificial red jade (often called "ochre" or "red sable"), there are several key differences. Natural red jade typically exhibits better transparency and hydration. Its color is more consistent and evenly distributed, with a characteristic feature known as "color roots"—fine lines or streaks that run parallel within the stone. These "color roots" contribute to the unique patterns often seen in red jade pieces.
Naturally occurring bright red jade with excellent clarity and a smooth, glass-like finish is rare and highly valuable. Such pieces are often sought after by serious collectors and command premium prices in the market.
On the other hand, "twilight red" or "burnt red" jade—also known as "burn red"—has a much lower value. Its color roots tend to be disorganized, radial, or non-directional, and the texture is usually dry with poor transparency. This type of jade often shows structural weaknesses and lacks the aesthetic appeal of natural red jade.
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