Verticillium wilt is a serious disease that can lead to the complete death of strawberry plants, causing significant economic losses. Timely pesticide application, strong prevention measures, and prompt removal of infected plants are essential to prevent further spread. According to the **Chinese Pesticide Network**, experts have compiled insights into the disease’s occurrence patterns and effective control methods.
Verticillium wilt is caused by infection from the fungus *Trichoderma* (note: this may be a confusion with *Verticillium* species, which is more commonly associated with this disease). Infected strawberry plants show symptoms such as yellow-green, twisted, boat-shaped new leaves with rough and dull surfaces. In some cases, one or two of the three leaflets become smaller and deformed. These malformed leaves often appear on one side of the plant, leading to a "half-body wilting" appearance. As the disease progresses, lower leaves turn yellow-brown, while upper leaves dry out from the edges, eventually leading to the entire plant dying. When the roots, petioles, and fruit stalks are cut open, browning of the vascular bundles can be observed. The root system becomes reduced, turning dark brown and even rotting, though the central core remains unaffected. Unlike other types of strawberry wilt, Verticillium wilt does not occur during the high-temperature summer months, and the heart leaves do not show yellowing or deformation.
**Pathogenesis**: According to the **pesticide network**, the pathogen overwinters in the soil as mycelium, chlamydospores, or sclerotia, and can survive for 6–8 years. Contaminated soil is the primary source of infection. Under favorable environmental conditions, the pathogen spreads through infected plants, soil, water, and farming tools. It enters the plant through root wounds or directly through the epidermis and root hairs, then multiplies in the vascular system, spreading throughout the plant and causing systemic damage. This leads to wilting and eventual death. The pathogen thrives in warm, humid conditions, with an ideal temperature range of 25–28°C and relative humidity between 60% and 85%. The disease typically appears in the middle to late stages of nursery production, transplanting, and early planting. It is a persistent, soil-borne disease that is difficult to control. Poor soil drainage, excessive moisture or drought, continuous cropping, overuse of nitrogen fertilizer, or damage from wireworms can all contribute to severe outbreaks.
**Control Methods**:
1. Implement crop rotation with strawberries and rice to avoid continuous cropping.
2. Use disease-resistant varieties such as Zhang Ji and Hongjiao (Red Cheek).
3. Remove and burn infected plants immediately to prevent further spread.
4. Apply chemical treatments: Before planting, disinfect the soil using 80% chloropicrin or solarization. After planting, drip irrigation with a 0.2% benomyl WP solution has shown good results. During the early stages of infection, applying a 10% anti-wilt agent diluted 80 times can also be effective.
By combining cultural, biological, and chemical control strategies, growers can effectively manage Verticillium wilt and reduce its impact on strawberry crops.
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