Cows are highly sensitive to certain types of feed, and feeding them contaminated or spoiled food can lead to serious health issues. Here are some common feed-related diseases that affect cattle:
**1. Moldy Corn Poisoning**
Feeding cows with moldy corn can cause a range of symptoms, including fading, corneal opacity, yellowing of the mucous membranes, diarrhea, weight loss, mental confusion, and even circling behavior leading to fainting and death. To prevent this, it's important to store corn properly, keeping its moisture content below 12.5%. If the corn is slightly moldy, it can be treated by soaking it in a 10% lime solution before feeding. In case of poisoning, stop feeding the affected feed immediately. Administer 400–600 grams of magnesium sulfate in water, along with 500–1000 ml of glucose saline intravenously, and 50 ml of 40% urotropine.
**2. Sweet Potato Poisoning**
Cows that consume bad sweet potatoes containing mycotoxins may experience wilting, weakened ruminating, constipation, difficulty breathing, severe coma, paralysis, and even death. Prevention involves avoiding sweet potatoes with black spots. In treatment, stop feeding the affected sweet potato immediately. Oral administration of 500 grams of raw mung beans and honey, or 2000 ml of 0.1–0.2% potassium permanganate solution, along with 400–600 grams of magnesium sulfate for constipation, and 250–500 ml of 25% glucose intravenously, can help treat the condition.
**3. Rotten Cabbage Poisoning**
Rotten cabbage and other vegetables contain nitrates that can convert into nitrites when cooked or left to rot. This can lead to poisoning in cows. To prevent this, always feed fresh vegetables and avoid any that are spoiled or rotten. Cooked vegetables should be consumed immediately, not left overnight. For treatment, mild cases can be treated with 5–7 egg whites or 500 grams of milk. Severe cases may require an intravenous injection of 1–2% methylene blue solution, 5% glucose, and 10% sodium bicarbonate.
**4. Distiller’s Grain Poisoning**
Distiller’s grains often contain acetic acid and alcohol, which can cause poisoning if fed in large quantities. Symptoms include excitement, unstable behavior, flushed mucous membranes, skin rashes, constipation, abdominal pain, and even paralysis. To prevent this, limit distiller’s grain intake—no more than 10% dry or 30% fresh. Avoid feeding moldy distiller’s grains, and if slightly moldy, mix with 1% lime water before feeding. Treatment includes administering 1% baking soda solution or soy milk, along with 5% glucose intravenously, and cleaning the affected area with a 1% potassium permanganate solution.
**5. Sprouted Potato Poisoning**
Potatoes that have sprouted or turned green contain high levels of solanine, which can be toxic to cows. Symptoms include drooling, diarrhea, and skin rashes on the lower back. Severe cases may result in loss of appetite, depression, limb paralysis, convulsions, and death. To prevent this, remove sprouted, green, or rotten parts of the potato before feeding. Cook the remaining portion and mix it with other feeds. Pregnant cows should not be fed potatoes at all. In treatment, perform gastric lavage with 0.1% potassium permanganate, administer 1000 ml of citrate solution, and give 1500 ml of 5% glucose and 10 ml of 10% sodium sulfate in severe cases.
Always ensure that feed is clean, fresh, and properly stored to prevent these and other feed-related illnesses in cattle. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your herd.
(Source: Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Information Network)
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