Cultivation and Management of the Peony (Paeonia lactiflora)
After the seedlings emerge, they should be transplanted. The recommended spacing between plants is about 30 cm. When the leaves have developed 5-6 pieces, it's time to water first and then transplant. Be careful not to damage the roots during the process, and ensure that you bring along some soil. Press the soil firmly around the plant. Generally, watering should be moderate, and the soil should remain consistently moist. During the growing season, water the plants five times, and apply a diluted urine solution every two to three weeks. In the flowering stage, remove any wilted flowers to encourage better blooming of the remaining blossoms. The maturity of the seed capsules varies, so harvesting should be done in batches.
1. After planting and sowing, if the seedlings are not transplanted immediately, they can be planted at a distance of 20 cm × 30 cm. The planting should not be delayed beyond 110–120 days before the expected flowering date. Transplanting should take place on cloudy days when the seedlings have 3–4 leaves. Water the seedlings before transplanting, and carefully take the soil without damaging the roots.
2. Peonies prefer cool temperatures and should avoid high heat. It is best to grow them in winter and keep them cool in summer. The ideal growth temperature ranges from 12–20°C. As temperatures rise in summer, the plant’s growth weakens, and the above-ground parts may turn yellow and die. The growing period requires sufficient light, with at least 4 hours of direct sunlight daily. If the environment is too dark or lacks light, the plants will become weak and the flowers will appear dull.
Water and Fertilizer Management: Apply enough base fertilizer when planting, and ensure timely watering during the long-term growth period. Water according to the principle of “water when dry, stop when wet.†Initially, control watering to promote strong root development. Once buds appear, provide adequate water to keep the soil moist. Before flowering, apply a diluted liquid fertilizer 1–2 times. After the buds open, spray a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every three days to stimulate flower production. After flowering, promptly remove the withered flowers to encourage better blooming of the remaining ones.
Peonies enjoy sunlight and are drought-tolerant, but they do not tolerate stagnant water. Avoid overwatering during the growing period—keep the soil slightly moist. Only water when necessary, as excessive dryness can delay flowering and affect quality. Fertilization should be moderate; too much can cause the plants to become tall and prone to falling over. Deep plowing of the land before sowing and applying base fertilizer is recommended. Before the buds open, apply one or two doses of diluted fertilizer.
Pest Control: Peonies are generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, overly dense planting, or continuous cultivation for many years can lead to root rot. Infected plants should be removed immediately, and lime powder can be sprinkled in the affected area. There are few insect pests, but occasionally, the larvae and scale insects of the chafer may attack the plants. If detected, spray 40% omethoate diluted 1000 times, repeating the treatment every seven days for two applications to eliminate the pests.
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