China's building energy consumption is two to three times higher than that of developed countries with similar climatic conditions. As the country strives to build a well-off society in all respects, the task of energy conservation and emission reduction has become increasingly challenging. Building energy efficiency is not only essential for improving living comfort and reducing operational costs but also a critical requirement for sustainable development. Prioritizing resource management and energy saving is key to promoting a harmonious society.
Approximately 65% of building energy efficiency depends on the building envelope system. In modern architecture, glass curtain walls have become a defining feature, widely used in China since the 1990s. However, many issues persist, such as improper glass selection leading to excessive solar heat gain in summer, poor sealing due to substandard materials, and structural deformation causing air leakage. Additionally, the use of inappropriate insulation materials and incorrect installation techniques can lead to significant heat loss, while light pollution from reflective surfaces poses environmental concerns.
To address these challenges, construction and design teams must adhere strictly to technical standards like the "Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering (JGJ102-2003)" and follow energy-saving regulations. Proper design, material selection, and construction are crucial for achieving energy-efficient curtain wall systems.
In terms of design, thermal insulation, heat resistance, and sealing performance must be carefully considered. Materials should be strong and rigid to prevent deformation under external loads such as wind or earthquakes. For material selection, palladium-coated glass is recommended for its ability to block solar radiation. The thickness of the glass should meet safety requirements, and proper adhesives, such as neutral silicone sealants, should be used for bonding.
Insulation materials like rock wool and mineral wool are ideal for their excellent thermal properties and fire resistance. Weatherproof sealants made from silicone offer durability and compatibility with other components. Filling materials like polyethylene foam rods help reduce heat transfer, while EPDM or silicone rubber strips ensure effective sealing around openings.
In terms of application, using low-E glass, insulating glass, and thermal films can significantly improve energy efficiency. Insulated aluminum profiles and aluminum-plastic composites are also recommended for better thermal performance. Shading devices, ventilated curtain walls, and intelligent control systems further enhance energy savings by regulating temperature and light.
Photoelectric curtain walls, which integrate photovoltaic panels, represent an innovative approach to generating renewable energy. These systems convert sunlight into electricity while maintaining aesthetic appeal.
In conclusion, engineers and professionals must focus on quality and precision in every stage of the project. Government agencies should enforce stricter energy efficiency regulations, and construction companies should prioritize sustainability and safety. By doing so, glass curtain walls can be both visually appealing and functionally efficient, contributing to a more sustainable built environment.
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