Ocean energy refers to the renewable power harnessed from the ocean, such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, and thermal and salinity gradient energy. The ocean holds vast potential as a clean and sustainable resource, widely available across the globe. However, it also presents challenges due to its low energy density and geographic limitations, making large-scale development difficult. Despite these challenges, ocean energy is primarily used for electricity generation. Tidal power and small-scale wave power technologies have already been implemented in real-world applications. For instance, wave energy converts the kinetic energy of ocean waves into electricity. In 1910, French engineer Plessis pioneered the use of wave motion to compress air, which then turned wind turbines to generate power—sending 1 kilowatt of electricity to the shore, marking a significant milestone in ocean energy utilization. Today, various wave energy converters ranging from 60 kW to 450 kW have been developed, showcasing the growing interest and innovation in this field.
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