Ocean energy refers to the renewable power harnessed from the ocean, such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, and thermal energy from temperature differences between surface and deep water. It is a vast and largely untapped resource that has the potential to provide clean, sustainable electricity. However, it comes with challenges—low energy density, strong regional dependence, and high development costs make it less accessible compared to other renewables. Despite these limitations, ocean energy remains an attractive option due to its environmental benefits and the sheer scale of available resources.
Currently, the primary method of utilizing ocean energy is through power generation. Tidal energy and small-scale wave energy systems have already been implemented in several countries. For instance, wave energy harnesses the kinetic energy from the up-and-down motion of ocean waves. In 1910, a French engineer named Plessic pioneered the use of this movement by compressing air with the rising and falling seawater, which then powered a wind turbine to generate electricity. This early experiment produced 1 kilowatt of power, marking one of the first successful attempts to convert ocean energy into usable electricity.
Since then, various wave energy converters have been developed, ranging from 60 kW to over 450 kW in capacity. These technologies continue to evolve, with researchers and engineers working on improving efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness. As global demand for clean energy grows, ocean energy could play a more significant role in the future energy mix, especially in coastal regions where the ocean's power is most abundant.
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