Qilian Jade, also known as Jiuquan Jade, originates from the mountains near Jiuquan in Gansu Province. These mountains are called Qilian Mountain, which is why the jade is commonly referred to as Qilian Jade. The most distinctive feature of this jade is its dark green color, often spotted with black speckles. Geologically, it is identified as serpentine, similar to Xiuyan Jade, but its color makes it easily distinguishable from other types of jade.
Located in the Qilian Mountains, Qilian Jade is also known locally as Jiuquan Jade due to its proximity to the city of Jiuquan. Its unique appearance and rich history have made it a popular choice for both collectors and artisans. In 1984, the Jade Research Office of the Yushi Economic and Mineral Department in Qilian County was named after a famous sculpture, highlighting the cultural significance of this gemstone.
Qilian Jade is a general term for various types of jade formed by the Caledonian basement and ultrabasic rocks in the Qilian and Altun mountain ranges. It comes in different varieties such as Zhongba Yu (Ledu), Dan Mayu (Huangzhong), and Chaidamuyu (Haixi). Depending on its mineral composition and color, it can be categorized into serpentine jade, soft jade, and dense jade. Serpentine jade is mainly dark green, while soft jade contains minerals like tremolite and chlorite. Dense jade includes varieties like white jade and emerald green jade.
Available in a wide range of colors—such as deep green, light green, emerald green, white, and even translucent hues—Qilian Jade is known for its fine texture, moderate hardness (ranging from 4 to 7 on the Mohs scale), and high aesthetic value. Its smooth surface and translucency make it ideal for intricate carvings, which are often admired for their delicate and lifelike details. With both artistic and economic value, Qilian Jade continues to be a cherished material in Chinese culture.
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