One of the common issues during the application of fireproof coatings is excessive moisture in the base layer. If the moisture content is too high, it can lead to problems such as blistering or peeling. Additionally, using a top coat made of high-grade paint or solvent-based paint with a high emulsion content may result in a dense coating film that prevents proper moisture evaporation. This can cause the trapped moisture to weaken the bond between the coating and the substrate.
Another contributing factor is when a water-based fireproof coating is used as the bottom layer, but a solvent-based fireproof coating is applied on top. If this occurs under direct sunlight, the temperature of the coating film can become too high, further hindering the drying process. Poor-quality, non-water-resistant putty used in the base layer can also allow moisture to penetrate, leading to loss of adhesion between the coating and the surface.
In tunnel construction, if the time interval between coating applications is too short, the moisture or solvents from the previous layer may not have fully evaporated, which can affect the final performance of the coating. Moreover, if the fireproof coating is exposed to rain or dew for an extended period after application, it can compromise the integrity of the film.
To prevent these issues, the moisture content of the base layer should not exceed 8% before applying any solvent-based fireproof coating. It is important to ensure that the underlying coating is completely dry before applying the next layer. Painting should be avoided during direct sunlight, and the outer walls should use putty with good fire resistance. The next layer of fire retardant coating should only be applied once the previous layer is fully dry. It's also advisable to avoid construction during rainy days or periods of high humidity.
If blistering occurs, the affected area should be removed, the edges should be smoothed, and the primer and topcoat should be reapplied. In cases of widespread blistering, all affected areas must be stripped, the wall should be repaired, and then the primer and topcoat should be reapplied.
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