Chinese herbal medicine feed additives are rich in scientific knowledge and have shown strong potential in animal health. In recent years, with the growing concerns over the side effects of synthetic feed additives, natural and safe alternatives like Chinese herbal medicines have gained increasing attention. This has accelerated their application and development in the livestock industry. Particularly, as there is a rising need to replace chemical drugs and antibiotics that can accumulate in the body and lead to drug resistance, herbal feed additives with antibacterial properties are becoming more widely used.
Studies have shown that traditional Chinese herbs such as Pulsatilla, raw garlic, oyster shell, Qinpi, Astragalus, Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, and licorice have demonstrated high effectiveness in treating bacterial dysentery in poultry, achieving a cure rate of 96.97%. These herbs also show significant therapeutic effects on conditions like hepatic periarthritis and pericarditis caused by *Escherichia coli* infections, with an average cure rate of 81.08% for each symptom type. Through methods like plate dilution and tube dish testing, researchers observed the antibacterial effects of 23 common Chinese medicinal plants, including purslane, andrographis paniculata, and medlar. The results showed that individual herbs such as medlar, astragalus, Qinpi, berberine, and rhubarb had strong inhibitory effects against *E. coli*, with ideal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Additionally, decoctions like Sanqing, Huanglian Jiedu, and Huangbai Chaihu also showed good antibacterial activity.
In one study, using a 5g/ml dose of Tiannanxing (Typhonium) for chicken colibacillosis resulted in a 70% cure rate, which was significantly better than the control group. A combination of five herbs—white vine, dandelion, radix radicans, and others—was prepared using an alcohol extraction method to create an injection. Each 1ml of the injection contained 1g of the total extract. When tested against *E. coli*, the preparation showed a clear antibacterial effect, with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.7 mm ± 1.12 mm. The treatment of piglet yellow and white diarrhea showed a total cure rate of 94.3%, significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01).
The clinical symptoms of many diseases are often the result of multiple interacting factors. Research indicates that the effectiveness of treatments depends not only on individual characteristics such as age, weight, and gender but also on the disease state, physiological conditions, environmental influences, and timing. The rational combination of Chinese herbs is central to traditional prescriptions and plays a key role in preventing and managing livestock diseases. This includes the proper selection of main and auxiliary ingredients, modern validation of herbal formulas, and the understanding of interactions between different herbs. Guided by the principle of syndrome differentiation and the holistic approach of traditional medicine, TCM often achieves better outcomes than Western medicine in certain cases, especially in long-term prevention and management of chronic or complex diseases.
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