Chinese herbal medicine feed additives are rich in scientific knowledge and have shown strong potential in the field of animal nutrition. In recent years, as concerns over the side effects of synthetic feed additives have increased, natural and safe alternatives like Chinese herbal medicine have gained more attention, driving their application and development. Particularly, with the growing need to replace chemical drugs and antibiotics that can accumulate in the body and lead to drug resistance, antibacterial Chinese herbal feed additives have become increasingly popular.
Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various herbal ingredients in treating bacterial infections in poultry. For instance, a combination of Pulsatilla, raw garlic, oyster shell, Qinpi, Astragalus, Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix, Woody, and Licorice achieved a cure rate of 96.97% for bacterial dysentery. These herbs also showed significant efficacy in treating conditions such as hepatic periarthritis and pericarditis caused by *Escherichia coli*, with an average cure rate of 81.08% for each symptom type.
In laboratory tests using the plate dilution and tube dish methods, the antibacterial effects of 23 common Chinese herbs, including purslane, andrographis paniculata, and medlar, were evaluated. Results indicated that single herbs like medlar, astragalus, Qinpi, berberine, and rhubarb exhibited strong antibacterial activity against *E. coli* in the large intestine. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of formulas such as Sanqing Decoction, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, and Huangbai Chaihu Decoction was also found to be effective.
When tested at a dose of 5g/ml, Tiannanxing showed a 70% cure rate in chickens infected with *E. coli*. Additionally, a formulation containing five traditional herbs—white vine, dandelion, and radix radicans—was prepared using an alcohol method. This injection, with 1ml equivalent to 1g of the original extract, demonstrated a clear antibacterial effect on *E. coli*, with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.7 mm ± 1.12 mm. It was also effective in treating piglet yellow and white diarrhea, achieving a total cure rate of 94.3%, which was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01).
Diseases often result from multiple interacting factors, and research has shown that the effectiveness of treatments depends not only on individual characteristics such as gender, age, and weight but also on environmental and physiological conditions. The key to successful treatment lies in the rational combination of Chinese herbs, which is central to traditional prescriptions. This includes the proper use of primary and secondary herbs, modern validation of formula combinations, and understanding of possible interactions between different herbs.
Guided by the principle of syndrome differentiation and the holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine, these formulations often achieve better results than conventional Western medicines in preventing and managing certain diseases. Their ability to work synergistically and address the root causes of illness makes them a valuable tool in sustainable livestock health management.
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