The night pearl is a unique type of fluorite mineral known for its luminescent properties. This glow is caused by the presence of rare earth elements within the crystal structure. When these elements are exposed to external energy sources, such as light, their electrons become excited and move to a higher energy state. Once the energy source is removed, the electrons return to their original state, releasing energy in the form of light. This process can continue for several hours after exposure, making the night pearl visible at night but nearly invisible during the day.
Historically, the night pearl has been surrounded by mystery and fascination. Ancient cultures often attributed supernatural qualities to it, weaving myths and legends around its glowing nature. In Chinese folklore, it was sometimes referred to as "night light wall" or "light stone," believed to emit a strong glow and be extremely rare. The famous British scholar Joseph Needham noted that ancient Chinese people admired a variety of night pearls, including those from Syria, called "peacock warm jade." In India, it was sometimes called "snake eye," while in Japan, it was considered a sacred gemstone.
In 1900, during the invasion of Beijing by the Eight-Nation Alliance, Empress Dowager Cixi reportedly sent some of her prized treasures, including four night pearls, to the foreign forces. However, one palace lady, unwilling to part with the relics, secretly hid them among the people. For decades, the location of these pearls remained a mystery. Decades later, they were discovered in Xi’an and confirmed by Guo Moruo. According to reports, when the drawer was opened, it emitted a bright white light, illuminating the room even in complete darkness.
Night pearls are rare and difficult to mine, contributing to their high value. Some historical accounts describe their color-changing properties, appearing different from various angles. In ancient Greece and Rome, emperors and nobles used them in crowns, jewelry, and palaces, considering them precious treasures.
Modern experts suggest that the night pearl is not as mysterious as once believed. It is typically a processed mineral, such as fluorite, which glows under certain conditions. While not as dazzling as myth suggests, it can still illuminate objects up to a few feet away in the dark. Researchers like Huo Yongzhen and Xiao Minglin have discovered glowing fluorites in Guangdong, some of which emit light in the dark and can be used for practical purposes.
Further studies revealed that some fluorites change color under UV light, glowing in shades of blue, purple, and green. Though the particles found are small, they represent an important step in understanding the true nature of the night pearl. Although not the legendary treasure of old, they offer clues to the real origin of this enigmatic gem.
Experts believe that the luminescence may be due to the presence of arsenic sulfide and hydrocarbons in the fluorite. These substances absorb energy during the day and release it at night, creating a glowing effect that can last for extended periods. However, many questions remain unanswered. Some say there are crystals that emit a flame-like glow, but the exact composition of the glowing substance is still unknown.
In conclusion, the night pearl remains a fascinating and mysterious object, blending science with legend. Its glow continues to captivate people, and its secrets are still being uncovered.
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