In the 21st century, as the social economy has developed rapidly, the growing demand for monitors has attracted numerous manufacturers to compete for a share of this lucrative market. In China, a wide range of monitor products have flooded the security monitoring sector. With the maturation and cost reduction of LCD technology, LCD monitors are no longer considered high-end or exclusive; instead, they have become widely popular. Today, LCD video wall systems align with the high-definition trend and lead the industry. Meanwhile, intelligent video surveillance technology has advanced significantly.
**Two Frameworks of Intelligent Video Surveillance Technology**
Intelligent video surveillance is essentially the application of computer vision algorithms in video analysis. Unlike traditional surveillance systems that rely on passive observation, intelligent video surveillance enables active monitoring—automatically detecting, identifying potential intruders, suspicious objects, and incidents. In short, it replaces or assists human operators by using computers to perform monitoring tasks, thereby reducing the workload on personnel. The structure of an intelligent video surveillance system typically includes two main frameworks:
The first is the **active intelligent surveillance system**, which allows cameras to not only understand the scene but also focus on specific events or activities of interest. This system requires managing camera resources effectively, determining which cameras monitor the overall area and which track specific actions. It also involves using video analysis results to control camera movements and zoom levels.
The second is the **distributed intelligent video surveillance system**, where smart cameras are connected to a central station through a wireless video communication network. The intelligent server can generate images, analyze videos, control cameras based on video analysis data, and manage storage resources efficiently. This system ensures high-quality video delivery over bandwidth and reduces the overall system cost by utilizing smart cameras.
**Core Content of Intelligent Video Surveillance**
Video surveillance involves capturing video image information of monitored targets, monitoring, recording, and analyzing the footage to take appropriate actions manually or automatically. This helps achieve effective monitoring, control, and security prevention. Intelligent video surveillance has been widely adopted in public places such as military, customs, fire departments, forestry, dams, airports, railways, ports, and urban transportation. As technology advances and costs decrease, it is gradually expanding into home security and entertainment applications.
Surveillance technology has evolved through several stages. The first was **analog video surveillance**, where a single camera was linked to a monitor, limiting coverage to small areas. Later, video switching devices allowed multiple cameras to be monitored simultaneously, leading to digital control functions like multi-channel switching and camera control.
The second stage was **digital video surveillance**, where computers began processing video signals, improving image quality and functionality. This marked the emergence of the second generation of video surveillance systems, combining analog input with digital compression and control.
The third stage, **network digital video surveillance**, emerged in the late 1990s with increased network bandwidth and computing power. This fully digital system, known as the third generation, uses network-based digital compression, transmission, and storage. It features intelligent image analysis, driving a technological revolution in the industry.
With the development of high-performance DSPs, embedded systems became capable of real-time video and audio processing. Combining network communication, embedded digital video surveillance systems now integrate coding/decoding, local storage, network transmission, and automation. These systems, powered by DSPs and real-time operating systems, are designed to meet the evolving needs of digital and networked surveillance.
**Conclusion**
The core value of a video surveillance system lies in **intelligent video analysis technology**, which includes moving target detection, classification, tracking, behavior recognition, and intelligent video retrieval. Behavior identification covers abnormal behavior and event detection, as well as video content understanding. Over the years, smart video surveillance has made remarkable progress, expanding its application areas from automatic target detection to event detection and recognition.
Its monitoring products have transitioned from analog to digital, networked, and intelligent solutions. Looking ahead, intelligent surveillance is set for another major breakthrough.
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