In the 21st century, with the rapid development of the social economy, the demand for monitors has surged, prompting numerous manufacturers to enter the market in pursuit of a share of this growing industry. In China, a wide array of monitors now floods the security monitoring sector. As LCD technology matures and production costs decrease, LCD monitors have become more accessible and widely adopted. Today, LCD video wall systems are at the forefront of the high-definition trend, setting new standards in the industry. Meanwhile, intelligent video surveillance technology has advanced significantly, offering smarter and more efficient solutions.
**Two Frameworks of Intelligent Video Surveillance Technology**
Intelligent video surveillance is the application of computer vision algorithms to analyze video data, transforming passive monitoring into an active process. Unlike traditional systems that merely record footage, intelligent systems automatically detect, identify, and respond to potential threats or unusual activities. This means the system can act as a substitute or assistant to human operators, reducing workload and increasing efficiency. The architecture of such systems typically falls into two main categories:
First, **active intelligent surveillance systems**, which use smart cameras capable of focusing on specific events or activities of interest. These systems require managing camera resources effectively—deciding which cameras monitor general areas and which track particular actions. They also rely on video analysis algorithms to control camera movements and zoom functions, enhancing the overall intelligence of the system.
Second, **distributed intelligent video surveillance systems** connect all smart cameras to a central station via a wireless network. The central server not only captures and displays video but also analyzes it, controls camera operations based on the data, and optimizes storage and bandwidth usage to deliver high-quality video to end users. Smart cameras reduce the complexity and cost of the overall system architecture, making it more scalable and efficient.
**The Core Content of Intelligent Video Surveillance**
Video surveillance involves capturing, monitoring, recording, and analyzing video images of a target, enabling both manual and automated responses to events. Intelligent video surveillance has been widely implemented in public spaces such as military installations, customs, fire departments, forestry, dams, airports, railways, ports, and urban transportation. With technological advancements and decreasing costs, it is gradually expanding into home security, entertainment, and other consumer applications.
The evolution of surveillance technology has gone through several stages. The first generation was analog, consisting of simple closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems where one camera corresponded to one monitor. Later, video switching devices allowed multiple cameras to be monitored simultaneously. With the development of microcontroller technology, digital control features like multi-channel switching and PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) control were added, marking the rise of the second-generation digital video surveillance systems.
By the mid-1990s, improvements in computing power and video processing led to the second generation of digital systems, where video was captured and processed digitally. This brought better image quality and enhanced functionality. The third generation emerged in the late 1990s, driven by increased network bandwidth and the development of practical video processing technologies. This era marked the transition to fully digital and network-based systems, allowing real-time transmission, storage, and intelligent analysis of video content.
With the introduction of high-performance DSPs like TI’s TMS320C6000 series, Philips’ Trimedia, and Equator’s BSP-15, embedded systems became capable of real-time video and audio processing. Combined with network communication, these systems enabled compact, intelligent, and efficient digital video surveillance solutions. Embedded operating systems further enhanced their adaptability, allowing customization of software and hardware to meet specific needs in terms of performance, reliability, and cost.
**Conclusion**
The core value of modern video surveillance lies in intelligent video analysis, which includes moving target detection, classification, tracking, behavior recognition, and intelligent retrieval. It also encompasses abnormal behavior and event detection, as well as video content understanding. Over the years, smart video surveillance has made remarkable progress, expanding from basic target detection to advanced event recognition and automatic identification. Its products have evolved from analog to digital, networked, and intelligent systems. As the industry continues to grow, we can look forward to even greater innovations in intelligent surveillance in the future.
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