Polymer magnetic materials represent a modern evolution of traditional applications involving both magnetism and polymers. As research continues into new uses for magnetic substances and high-molecular materials such as synthetic resins and rubber, these composites have become increasingly important. Historically, magnetic materials were derived from natural magnets, later evolving into sintered or cast magnetite (ferrite) products. Today, three main types are widely used in industry: ferrite magnets, rare earth magnets, and alnico magnets. However, all of these suffer from similar drawbacks—being hard, brittle, and difficult to process. To address these limitations, polymer-based magnetic materials were developed by incorporating magnetic powders into plastics or rubbers. These composite materials are gaining significant attention due to their lightweight nature, ease of shaping into complex forms with high precision, and compatibility with other components during manufacturing. Polymer magnetic materials can generally be categorized into two types: structural and composite. Structural types are made entirely from polymers without the addition of inorganic magnetic particles, while composite types combine magnetic powders with polymer matrices. The latter category holds greater practical value and is more commonly applied in real-world scenarios.
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