The flowering and podding stage of rapeseed is a critical period that spans from the start of flowering to full maturity. During this time, the plant's main focus shifts from vegetative growth to reproductive development, with only minimal leaf and stem growth. Proper field management during this phase is essential for maximizing yield and oil content. Key practices include monitoring nutrient levels, managing water supply, removing old or yellowing leaves, and preventing lodging.
At the flowering stage, it's important to avoid both nutrient deficiencies and excessive nitrogen application. Applying flower fertilizer and granular fertilizer at the right time can help reduce flower drop, increase pod setting, seed number, and grain weight, while also improving oil content. Farmers should also pay attention to drought or waterlogging conditions and ensure timely removal of diseased or unproductive foliage.
The timing of flower fertilizer application depends on the crop’s condition and soil fertility. For rapeseed that has developed well through autumn and winter and shows stable growth in spring, a light application of 5–7.5 kg of urea or 10–15 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre is recommended at the early flowering stage, especially when leaves show slight discoloration. However, if the crop is vigorous, with dark green leaves and dense populations, fertilizer should be used more carefully to avoid overgrowth. In cases where the crop is weak, with small plants or signs of decline, an earlier application of fertilizer may be necessary to support growth.
During the flowering to late flowering period, if plants show premature aging, early flowering, or pale green leaves, foliar sprays can be applied before the final flowering stage to provide additional nutrients. A common mixture includes 0.3–0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1–2 kg of urea per acre, dissolved in 75 kg of water, and sprayed 2–3 times. This helps extend the functional life of leaves and stems, boosting photosynthesis and ensuring better seed filling. However, in fields where the crop is growing normally and pods are tightly closed, applying granular fertilizer is generally not recommended, as it may lead to sticky seeds and delayed maturity.
Proper management during this key growth phase ensures healthier plants, higher yields, and better-quality oil, making it a crucial step in successful rapeseed cultivation.
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