VLAN, short for Virtual Local Area Network, is a technology that allows network administrators to logically divide devices within a local area network into separate segments. This enables efficient communication within these virtual networks. VLANs are primarily implemented on switches, but not all switches support this feature. Only Layer 3 switches, which can handle routing protocols, are typically capable of supporting VLAN functionality.
One common method of VLAN segmentation is based on MAC addresses. In this approach, each device's MAC address determines its VLAN membership. The key advantage of this method is that it allows users to move between physical locations—such as switching from one switch to another—without needing to reconfigure their VLAN settings. This makes it user-centric and more flexible compared to other methods.
However, there are some drawbacks. Initially, every user must be manually configured with their respective VLAN assignments, which can be time-consuming, especially in large networks with hundreds or even thousands of devices. Additionally, since many devices may belong to the same VLAN group, broadcast traffic can spread across multiple ports, reducing the efficiency of the switch. Another issue arises when users frequently change hardware, such as replacing network cards on laptops. In such cases, VLAN configurations need to be updated regularly, adding to the administrative burden.
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