It is commonly observed that many technicians who repair inverters have encountered situations where inverter modules frequently get damaged. Typically, the standard approach is to replace the module with a new one, without thoroughly investigating whether the failure might be related to the drive circuit. However, during maintenance, it's essential to pay closer attention to aging components within the drive system. This article outlines some of the most common components that tend to degrade over time in an inverter.
**Resistors**
A resistor is a component that opposes the flow of electric current. Materials with low resistance are considered conductors, while those with high resistance are called insulators. When measuring the resistance of a capacitor using a multimeter, the needle will swing. The larger the capacitance, the more pronounced the swing. It's important to discharge the capacitor before taking a second measurement to avoid damaging the meter or getting inaccurate readings.
**Insulating Paint**
Insulating paint is a special type of coating made from high molecular polymers. It can be cured into an insulating film under certain conditions. When maintaining an inverter, it's important to ensure that the radiator aluminum sheet is clean, the cooling fan is functioning properly, and there are no unusual noises. If the filter capacitor’s capacity has decreased by 20%, it should be replaced (usually not beyond 8 years). All main circuit connection screws should also be tightened. When disassembling integrated circuits, care must be taken—high soldering iron temperatures can damage or degrade the chip. To prevent this, a small piece of paper can be placed on the IC for heat dissipation, which can significantly improve the outcome.
**Voltage Regulator**
Zener diodes are a type of semiconductor diode that operate in the breakdown region of the PN junction, providing a stable voltage. They are widely used in power supply circuits and other applications where voltage regulation is needed. Unlike regular diodes used for rectification or detection, Zener diodes are specifically designed for voltage stabilization. These components can be challenging for ordinary electricians to test, so it's often best to replace them if suspected of failure. During inverter repairs, a comprehensive maintenance process should be followed: clean the circuit board with water, blow it dry, and apply insulating paint to protect against moisture and dust.
**Optocoupler**
An optocoupler, also known as an optical isolator, is a device that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light. It provides excellent isolation between input and output, making it a popular choice in various electronic systems. Optocouplers are among the most versatile optoelectronic components available. In inverter circuits, they are often used in feedback systems that compare the three-phase output (Eu, Ev, Ew) with the drive signal. If an abnormality is detected in the inverter output, the optocoupler sends a high-level signal to the motherboard, triggering a quick shutdown to prevent damage. This protection mechanism is fast and effective. However, if the drive components are unstable or aged, it can still affect the performance of the inverter, leading to potential issues.
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