Strawberry high-yield and high-quality field nursery technology

The general seedlings in Daejeon are cultivated by using the seedlings of the mother plants on the stems of the mother plants. The seedlings do not leave the mother plants until the strawberries are planted, and the seedlings are removed from the nursery fields. The characteristics of ordinary seedlings in Daejeon: the facilities investment is relatively small, the technical requirements are not high, and it is conducive to large-scale and mechanized production. However, grass damage, pests and diseases are prone to occur in the high temperature and high humidity areas of the south.

1. Preparation of nursery field

After the nursery field is selected, deep-turning and freezing will be carried out before wintering. On the one hand, some pathogens and pests can be eliminated, and on the other hand, the soil is loosened. Before the spring planting, the strawberry should be applied with sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 30 kg of superphosphate per mu, 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 100 kg of decomposed rapeseed cake, and apply 0.5 kg of 50% phoxim at the same time. Remove underground pests. Combined with the application of base fertilizer, once again, the land is turned over and the ground is leveled. After cultivating and finening, it is made into a crucible with a width of 1.2-1.5 m, a height of 10-20 cm, and a groove width of 20-30 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to open the ditch around the field, and can be irrigated and dryly irrigated. In the areas where conditions permit, the automatic sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation device can be used to spray and moisturize the soil, so that the soil in the kneading surface is moist and does not accumulate water, which is the growth of the mother plant. The stolons are pumped to provide suitable growth conditions.

2, the choice of parent plant and planting

(1) Selection of mother plants. The choice of the mother plant directly affects the quantity and quality of the seedlings of the stems. A robust plant with typical traits of the variety is selected, that is, the new stem has a thickness of 1 cm or more, the root system is developed, the leaf color is normal, the leaflet is symmetrical, and the disease-free insects are used as the mother plant. If conditions permit, it is best to choose a detoxified seedling, a first-generation seedling or a second-generation seedling to produce a seedling of the seedling. (2) Detoxification seedling cultivation: cultivating and applying strawberry detoxification tissue culture seedlings is the most effective way to curb the degradation of excellent characteristics of strawberry caused by viral infection, which can not only improve the disease resistance of strawberry plants, but also effectively reduce the use of pesticides and produce The high-quality green fruit makes the strawberry high-yield and stable, and can effectively protect the ecological environment and accelerate the progress of demonstration and promotion of strawberry varieties. (3) Planting period: The planting period of the mother plant can be planted in autumn or spring planting. (4) Planting density and method: The planting density of nursery carp depends on the ability of the cultivar to extract the stalk, soil fertility and management level. As far as the variety is concerned, the sowing stalks of Saga Qingxiang, Fengxiang, Sweet Charlie and other varieties have stronger ability to extract, and the density can be smaller when planting, while the picking ability of red cheeks, Zhangji and other varieties of stolons is weaker. The density can be larger.

3, the mother plant after planting management

After the mother plant is planted, it is necessary to fill the water in time, and then water the next day. After that, the small water irrigation will keep the soil moist to the strawberry plant. After the mother plant is alive, apply urea once, and then apply urea once every 15-20 days. The application rate should not be too high, so as to avoid causing burning seedlings. Apply 10 kg per acre, which can be directly applied around the mother plant without the whole garden. Fertilization is best before the rain, but it can also be applied at a concentration of 0.2% to 0.3%.

4. Seedling management: After the mother plant has taken the stolon, the adventitious roots start from the second section of the stolon, and they are inserted into the soil to form seedlings. In order to cultivate robust seedlings, the following points should be done during the seedling period:

(1) Stem preparation: After the mother plant begins to pick up the stolons, it should be checked regularly, and the stolons should be smoothed out in time, and the stolons that are too close to each other should be properly opened to make the seedlings as evenly distributed as possible, so as to ensure that they have enough living space. For the stolons that are later harvested, it is difficult to form strong seedlings due to the short age of the seedlings, and should be cut off in time to reduce the canopy in the field and ensure the robust growth of the early seedlings.

(2) Timely pressure vine: The stem grows upwards at the beginning of the stem, and grows downward when it approaches the height of the leaf. In order to make the adventitious roots on the even-numbered knots of the stolons into the soil in time, the seedlings should be pressed with the second unfolded leaves. The method is to press the new storks with the muds in front of the seedlings. It is impossible to break.

(3) Controlling the number of seedlings: In order to cultivate strong seedlings well, it is important to control the number of seedlings of strawberries according to the characteristics of different strawberry varieties and the planting density of the mother plants. The number of seedlings per acre is controlled at 30,000 to 35,000. The strain is suitable.

(4) Management of soil, fertilizer and water: Before the stems are pumped, combined with weeding for cultivating, keeping the soil loose, so that the roots and growth of the stalk seedlings. After the seedling roots are plunged into the soil, 0.2% to 0.3% of compound fertilizer is poured every 15 to 20 days. If the seedlings are weak, 0.2% to 0.3% of urea water can be poured. After the first ten days of August, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped. About 0.2% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation. Water management should master the principle of keeping the soil moist without water accumulation. When the rainy season arrives, attention should be paid to drainage and flood control. Especially in the high temperature season after the rain in the south, it is necessary to strengthen the water management, clear the drainage in time, and use the shade net to cool down if necessary. In order to avoid high temperature, high humidity burns seedlings.

(5) Treatment of diseases, insects and grasses: During the breeding of seedlings, the cultivation of diseases, insects and grasses should be done well.

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